Graph2Eval: Automatic Multimodal Task Generation for Agents via Knowledge Graphs

Abstract

As multimodal LLM-driven agents advance in autonomy and generalization, traditional static datasets face inherent scalability limitations and are insufficient for fully assessing their capabilities in increasingly complex and diverse tasks. Existing studies have attempted to generate agent tasks using LLMs, but due to the inherent hallucinations of LLMs and the lack of internal data relationship modeling, these tasks often exhibit semantic inconsistencies and solvability issues. To address these challenges, we introduce Graph2Eval, a knowledge-graph-driven framework for automated, scalable, and semantically grounded agent task generation. At its core, Graph2Eval leverages a knowledge graph built from heterogeneous external data sources as a structured task space, generating multimodal agent tasks through subgraph sampling and task construction guided by task templates and meta-path strategies. To further ensure task reliability, a multi-stage filtering pipeline based on node reachability analysis, LLM scoring, and similarity analysis ensures the diversity and solvability of the generated tasks. By unifying both RAG Agent and Web Agent scenarios, Graph2Eval enables efficient generation of multimodal document understanding tasks and multi-step web interaction tasks. We instantiate the framework with Graph2Eval-Bench, a curated dataset of 1,319 tasks spanning document understanding and web interaction scenarios. Extensive experiments show that, on average, Graph2Eval improves task semantic consistency by 20% and solvability by 17% over baselines, while Graph2Eval-Bench effectively distinguishes agent performance, offering a new perspective on agent evaluation.